Debian 换源教程：11/12/13 阿里云与腾讯云

本文介绍 Debian 11、12、13 更换国内 APT 软件源的方法，提供阿里云、腾讯云配置和可直接复制的快捷命令。按下面三步操作：备份配置 → 选择对应版本的软件源 → 更新软件列表。

阿里云和腾讯云二选一，不要混用不同版本的源。

不确定版本时，先执行 cat /etc/os-release：Debian 11 对应 bullseye，12 对应 bookworm，13 对应 trixie。

1. 备份原配置

Debian 11 / 12 使用 /etc/apt/sources.list 时执行：

sudo cp -n /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

Debian 13 使用 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources 时执行：

sudo cp -n /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources.bak

-n 表示已有备份时不覆盖。只执行自己配置文件对应的一条命令。

部分云镜像使用的配置文件位置不同。如果文件不存在，或两个位置都配置了源，先确认原来的配置，不要直接新建重复的源文件。没有 sudo 的系统，可切换到 root 后去掉命令开头的 sudo。

2. 替换软件源

用宝塔文件管理或文本编辑器打开对应文件，选择一个镜像站替换原有 Debian 源并保存，其他软件的源保留。

不想手动修改，也可以使用下面的快捷命令，自动备份、写入源并更新软件列表。手动和快捷方式选一种即可；快捷命令会覆盖对应文件，有自定义源时请用手动方式。

Debian 11 换源配置

配置文件：/etc/apt/sources.list

Debian 11 的官方 LTS 已于 2026 年 8 月 31 日结束，建议计划升级；换源不会延长安全维护。

阿里云源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free

快捷方式（阿里云）

整段复制到终端执行：

sudo bash -c "([ -e /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ] || cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak) &&
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/apt/sources.list && apt update
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF"

腾讯云源

deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free

快捷方式（腾讯云）

整段复制到终端执行：

sudo bash -c "([ -e /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ] || cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak) &&
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/apt/sources.list && apt update
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF"

Debian 12 换源配置

配置文件：/etc/apt/sources.list

阿里云源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

快捷方式（阿里云）

整段复制到终端执行：

sudo bash -c "([ -e /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ] || cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak) &&
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/apt/sources.list && apt update
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF"

腾讯云源

deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

快捷方式（腾讯云）

整段复制到终端执行：

sudo bash -c "([ -e /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ] || cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak) &&
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/apt/sources.list && apt update
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF"

Debian 13 换源配置

配置文件：/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

下面使用 .sources 格式。如果机器原本使用 sources.list，不要直接新增这份配置，以免重复。

阿里云源

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/
Suites: trixie trixie-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/
Suites: trixie-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

快捷方式（阿里云）

整段复制到终端执行：

sudo bash -c "([ -e /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources.bak ] || cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources.bak) &&
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && apt update
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/
Suites: trixie trixie-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/
Suites: trixie-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF"

腾讯云源

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/
Suites: trixie trixie-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/
Suites: trixie-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

快捷方式（腾讯云）

整段复制到终端执行：

sudo bash -c "([ -e /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources.bak ] || cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources.bak) &&
cat <<'EOF' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && apt update
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/
Suites: trixie trixie-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/
Suites: trixie-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF"

3. 更新软件列表

手动修改并保存文件后执行：

sudo apt update

没有报错就完成换源了。快捷命令已经包含这一步，不必重复执行；它只更新软件列表，不会自动升级系统。

如需恢复，把对应的 .bak 备份文件复制回原位置，再执行一次 sudo apt update。

参考：Debian 软件源说明 · Debian 11 维护说明

相关教程

如果你的服务器使用 Ubuntu，参考 Ubuntu 20.04/22.04/24.04 换国内源教程：阿里云与腾讯云快捷配置。