很多服务器镜像默认都是用的海外源，对国内服务器访问拉取不是很友好
把直接修改替换就可以
{callout color="#73aaff"}
/etc/apt/sources.list
{/callout}
阿里云源：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib腾讯云源：
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib阿里云源（限速）：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib网易云源：
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib需要其他源大家自行搜索
最后执行
sudo apt update历史说明：本文保留原始发布内容，内容整理日期为 2026-08-05。文中版本、下载链接和第三方服务可能已发生变化；操作前请以软件官方文档、授权条款和当前运行环境为准。
使用前备份
修改 APT 源前，请备份 /etc/apt/sources.list 与 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ 中的自定义文件。不同镜像、云厂商镜像和安全源配置可能不同，不应直接覆盖无法识别的第三方配置。
更新与排查
修改后先执行 sudo apt update，确认没有签名、404 或重复源警告，再进行软件升级。出现问题时恢复备份文件并再次更新缓存。
历史配置提示
原文中的镜像地址基于 Debian 12 Bookworm。发行版代号、安全源和镜像策略可能变化，生产环境应优先参考镜像站与 Debian 当前说明。